OBJECT: To determine the values of the coefficient of kinetic friction and the coefficient of static friction for two particular surfaces.
METHOD: A loaded block is placed on a horizontal surface and the tractive force for each load, required to pull the block along the plane, is determined. These observations are plotted and the values of the coefficient of kinetic friction and the weight of the unloaded block are determined from the graph. The plane is then inclined so that the block slides down it without acceleration and the coefficient of kinetic friction redetermined from the angle the plane makes with the horizontal. The coefficient of static friction is determined in a similar manner. The block is placed on the plane, the plane is gradually elevated, the angle at which the block begins to slide is noted and this angle is used to determine the coefficient of static friction.
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OBJECT: To measure the ratio of the specific heats of air at constant pressure and constant volume according to the method of Clement and Desormes.
METHOD: A mass of dry air under a small pressure is enclosed in a large vessel having a gas tight valve. The valve is opened for an instant permitting the pressure to “become atmospheric” and causing the temperature to be reduced. After the valve is closed, the gas warms up to room temperature and the pressure increases. From a knowledge of the initial and final pressures, the ratio of the specific heats is obtained.
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OBJECT: To study the expansion of gases, to check Charles’ Law and to measure the temperature coefficient of pressure increase of dry air at Constant volume.
METHOD: Charles’ Law for the expansion of gases is studied by the use of a simple form of constant-volume air thermometer. A fixed volume of dry air is subjected to certain measured temperatures and the corresponding pressures observed. From the resultant pressure-temperature curve the temperature coefficient of pressure increase at constant volume is determined. By extrapolating this curve the value of “absolute zero” is determined approximately.
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OBJECT: To study the expansion of gases, to check Charles’ law and to measure the temperature coefficient of pressure increase of dry air at constant volume.
METHOD: Charles’ law for the expansion of gases is studied by the use of a simple form of constant-volume air thermometer. A fixed volume of dry air is subjected to certain measured temperatures and the corresponding pressures observed. From the resultant pressure-temperature curve the temperature coefficient of pressure increase at constant volume is determined. By extrapolating this curve the value of “absolute zero” is determined approximately.
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OBJECT: To determine empirically the functional relationship of the centripetal force (a) to the mass of the moving body, (b) to its tangential velocity and (c) to the radius of the circular arc in which the mass moves.
METHOD: The centripetal force acting on a pendulum bob, when the bob passes across its rest position, is measured directly with an equal arm balance. Data are taken to show how this force is dependent on the mass of the bob, on the radius of the arc, and on the tangential velocity of the bob. The centripetal force equation is derived from these data and the graphs are drawn.
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OBJECT: To make a study of the motion of a body traveling with constant speed in a circular path, and to verify the expression for centripetal force.
METHOD: By means of an electrically driven rotator a body of known mass is rotated about a vertical axis in such away as to produce a definite extension of a spiral spring. From the mass of the body, the radius of the circular path, and the speed of rotation, the centripetal force is computed and compared with the gravitational force necessary to produce the same extension of the spring.
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OBJECT: To study Boyle’s law, at moderate pressures above and below atmospheric, by both analytical and graphical methods.
METHOD: A fixed mass of air confined in a glass tube is kept at room temperature and subjected to various pressures, ranging from half to double atmospheric pressure. A series of corresponding pressures and volumes are observed and Boyle’s law is checked by noting the constancy of their products. The data are plotted in several graphical forms the interpretation of which also indicates the validity of Boyle’s law. Continue reading ‘Boyle’s Law - Experiment 3′
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OBJECT: To study Boyle’s law, at moderate pressures above and below atmospheric, by both analytical and graphical methods.
METHOD: A fixed mass of air confined in a glass tube is kept at room temperature and subjected to various pressures, ranging from half to double atmospheric pressure. A series of corresponding pressures and volumes are observed and Boyle’s law is checked by noting the constancy of their products. The data are plotted in several graphical forms the interpretation of which also indicates the validity of Boyle’s law. Continue reading ‘Boyle’s Law - Experiment 2′
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OBJECT: To investigate the relationship between the pressure and the volume of a confined mass of gas at Constant temperature.
METHOD: Amass of dry air is trapped above a column of mercury in a closed tube which forms one arm of a mercury manometer. The pressure upon the confined air can be regulated by means of a plunger which controls the height of the mercury columns, and its value is determined from the difference between the mercury levels in the open and closed arms. The volume of the confined air is measured by the length of the closed tube above the mercury level. From a series of determinations of pressure and volume, curves are plotted showing the relation between pressure and volume. Continue reading ‘Boyle’s Law’
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OBJECT:To study Boyle’s law and Charles’ law, as applied to air at moderate temperatures and pressures.
METHOD: To study Boyle’s law a fixed mass of air confined in a glass tube is kept at room temperature and subjected to various pressures, ranging from half to double atmospheric pressure. A series of corresponding pressures and volumes are observed and Boyle’s law is checked by noting the constancy of their products. The data are plotted in several graphical forms the interpretation of which also indicates the validity of Boyle’s law. Charles’ law for the expansion of gases is studied by the use of a simple form of constant-volume air thermometer. A fixed volume of dry air is subjected to certain measured temperatures and the Corresponding pressures observed. From the resultant pressure-temperature curve the temperature coefficient of pressure increase at constant volume is determined. By extrapolating this curve the value of “absolute zero” is approximately measured.
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