OBJECT: To study Boyle’s law, at moderate pressures above and below atmospheric, by both analytical and graphical methods.
METHOD: A fixed mass of air confined in a glass tube is kept at room temperature and subjected to various pressures, ranging from half to double atmospheric pressure. A series of corresponding pressures and volumes are observed and Boyle’s law is checked by noting the constancy of their products. The data are plotted in several graphical forms the interpretation of which also indicates the validity of Boyle’s law. Continue reading ‘Boyle’s Law - Experiment 3′
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OBJECT: To study Boyle’s law, at moderate pressures above and below atmospheric, by both analytical and graphical methods.
METHOD: A fixed mass of air confined in a glass tube is kept at room temperature and subjected to various pressures, ranging from half to double atmospheric pressure. A series of corresponding pressures and volumes are observed and Boyle’s law is checked by noting the constancy of their products. The data are plotted in several graphical forms the interpretation of which also indicates the validity of Boyle’s law. Continue reading ‘Boyle’s Law - Experiment 2′
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OBJECT: To investigate the relationship between the pressure and the volume of a confined mass of gas at Constant temperature.
METHOD: Amass of dry air is trapped above a column of mercury in a closed tube which forms one arm of a mercury manometer. The pressure upon the confined air can be regulated by means of a plunger which controls the height of the mercury columns, and its value is determined from the difference between the mercury levels in the open and closed arms. The volume of the confined air is measured by the length of the closed tube above the mercury level. From a series of determinations of pressure and volume, curves are plotted showing the relation between pressure and volume. Continue reading ‘Boyle’s Law’
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OBJECT:To study Boyle’s law and Charles’ law, as applied to air at moderate temperatures and pressures.
METHOD: To study Boyle’s law a fixed mass of air confined in a glass tube is kept at room temperature and subjected to various pressures, ranging from half to double atmospheric pressure. A series of corresponding pressures and volumes are observed and Boyle’s law is checked by noting the constancy of their products. The data are plotted in several graphical forms the interpretation of which also indicates the validity of Boyle’s law. Charles’ law for the expansion of gases is studied by the use of a simple form of constant-volume air thermometer. A fixed volume of dry air is subjected to certain measured temperatures and the Corresponding pressures observed. From the resultant pressure-temperature curve the temperature coefficient of pressure increase at constant volume is determined. By extrapolating this curve the value of “absolute zero” is approximately measured.
Continue reading ‘Boyle’s and Charles’ Laws’
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OBJECT: To study the basic optical properties of mirrors, prisms, and lenses by the use of an optical disk.
METHOD: A light source sends parallel rays of light to an optical disk. The paths of the rays are observed after they strike various optical devices, such as mirrors, prisms, and lenses, which are mounted on the disk. From these observations the fundamental principles that govern the reflection and refraction of light are studied.
THEORY: A beam of light can be represented by a single line, a ray, parallel to the direction in which the light is propagated. When a beam of light strikes a surface of a different medium some of the light may be reflected, some may be transmitted, and the remainder is absorbed. The light which is reflected from a smooth surface and that which is transmitted through the medium obey certain elementary laws. Those laws will be studied in this experiment.
Continue reading ‘Basic Optical Properties of Mirrors, Prisms, and Lenses (Optical Disk)’
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OBJECT: To study Archimedes’ Principle and to apply this principle to determine the density of solids and liquids.
METHOD: A body is weighed in air and then weighed when submerged in a liquid. The apparent loss of weight is, by Archimedes’ Principle, equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the body. From these measurements, the density and specific gravity of the solids and liquids used in the experiment may be determined.
THEORY: The fact that an object immersed in a fluid, liquid or gas, should be “buoyed up.’ by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces was deduced by Archimedes (287-212 BC). This principle, called Archimedes’ Principle applies to any object in any fluid, for example, a submarine in water or a dirigible in air.
Continue reading ‘Archimedes’ Principle’
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