OBJECT: To determine the density of a liquid and of a solid, using the pycnometer method.
METHOD: The mass of an irregular solid is determined by weighing. When the solid is placed in a pycnometer (Fig. 1) filled with a liquid of known density, the volume of the liquid which will overflow is equal to the volume of the solid. The mass of the liquid which will overflow is determined as the difference between the sum of the mass of the pycnometer filled with liquid plus the mass of the solid and the mass of the pycnometer filled with liquid after the solid has been placed inside. The volume occupied by this mass is determined from the known density of the liquid. It is necessary that the solid be insoluble in the liquid used. The density of the solid is determined from these measurements of mass and volume.
Continue reading ‘Density of Liquids and Solids - Pycnometer Method’
Share This
OBJECT: To determine from the dimensions and the mass of a: cylinder the density of the material of which the cylinder is composed.
METHOD: Using a micrometer caliper, a number of observations are made of the diameter and of the height of a cylinder. From the average value obtained for each of these dimensions the volume of the cylinder is computed. The mass of the cylinder is determined by weighing it on a balance. The ratio of the mass of the cylinder to its volume is the density of the material.
Continue reading ‘Density of a Solid’
Share This
OBJECT: To determine the densities of a solid and a liquid by using Archimedes’ principle and a Jolly balance.
METHOD: A body is alternately weighed suspended in air and immersed in a liquid. The apparent loss in weight of the immersed body is known, by Archimedes’ principle, to equal the weight of liquid displaced by the body. The apparent less in weight is measured by means of a spring. From these measurements the density and specific gravity of either the solid body or the liquid may be determined.
Continue reading ‘Densities of Solids and Liquids Using a Jolly Balance’
Share This
OBJECT:
- Part I: To determine the density of two solids, one of which is heavier and the other lighter than an equivalent volume of water.
- Part II: To measure accurately the density of various liquids by means of the Westphal balance.
- Part III: To measure the specific gravity of these liquids by means of a hydrometer.
METHOD: A body is weighed in air and then immersed in a liquid. The apparent loss in weight of the body when immersed in the liquid is, by Archimedes’ principle, equal to the weight of liquid displaced by the body. From these measurements the density and specific gravity of either the solid body or the liquid may be determined.
Continue reading ‘Densities of Solids and Liquids’
Share This
OBJECT: To determine the densities of a liquid and a gas by using a balance.
METHOD: Suitable closed vessels of known volume are weighed empty. Each is then filled with either a liquid or a gas and again weighed. By knowing the mass of the liquid or gas, its density is readily calculated.
Continue reading ‘Densities of Liquids and Gases’
Share This
OBJECT: To study the manner in which the deflection of a beam depends upon its length, and to determine Young’s modulus by the method of flexure.
METHOD: A uniform rectangular bar supported horizontally on two knife-edges is subjected to a vertical force applied midway between the supports. The deflection of the beam at the midpoint is measured by means of a micrometer screw equipped with an electrical contact. A series of observations is made with a constant load and a varying length of beam (distance between supports). From a logarithmic graph of the deflection versus the length, the mathematical relationship between deflection and length is ascertained. A second series of observations is made in which the load is varied, the length remaining constant. From the slope of a graph of load versus deflection, a value for Young’s modulus is obtained.
Continue reading ‘Deflection of a Beam - Young’s Modulus’
Share This
